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Nama dan Nasab
Beliau bernama Muhammad dengan kun-yah Abu Abdillah. Nasab beliau secara lengkap adalah Muhammad bin Idris bin al-‘Abbas bin ‘Utsman bin Syafi‘ bin as-Saib bin ‘Ubayd bin ‘Abdu Zayd bin Hasyim bin al-Muththalib bin ‘Abdu Manaf bin Qushay. Nasab beliau bertemu dengan nasab Rasulullah pada diri ‘Abdu Manaf bin Qushay. Dengan begitu, beliau masih termasuk sanak kandung Rasulullah karena masih terhitung keturunan paman-jauh beliau , yaitu Hasyim bin al-Muththalib.
Bapak beliau, Idris, berasal dari daerah Tibalah (Sebuah daerah di wilayah Tihamah di jalan menuju ke Yaman). Dia seorang yang tidak berpunya. Awalnya dia tinggal di Madinah lalu berpindah dan menetap di ‘Asqalan (Kota tepi pantai di wilayah Palestina) dan akhirnya meninggal dalam keadaan masih muda di sana. Syafi‘, kakek dari kakek beliau, -yang namanya menjadi sumber penisbatan beliau (Syafi‘i)- menurut sebagian ulama adalah seorang sahabat shigar (yunior) Nabi. As-Saib, bapak Syafi‘, sendiri termasuk sahabat kibar (senior) yang memiliki kemiripan fisik dengan Rasulullah saw. Dia termasuk dalam barisan tokoh musyrikin Quraysy dalam Perang Badar. Ketika itu dia tertawan lalu menebus sendiri dirinya dan menyatakan masuk Islam.
Para ahli sejarah dan ulama nasab serta ahli hadits bersepakat bahwa Imam Syafi‘i berasal dari keturunan Arab murni. Imam Bukhari dan Imam Muslim telah memberi kesaksian mereka akan kevalidan nasabnya tersebut dan ketersambungannya dengan nasab Nabi, kemudian mereka membantah pendapat-pendapat sekelompok orang dari kalangan Malikiyah dan Hanafiyah yang menyatakan bahwa Imam Syafi‘i bukanlah asli keturunan Quraysy secara nasab, tetapi hanya keturunan secara wala’ saja.
Adapun ibu beliau, terdapat perbedaan pendapat tentang jati dirinya. Beberapa pendapat mengatakan dia masih keturunan al-Hasan bin ‘Ali bin Abu Thalib, sedangkan yang lain menyebutkan seorang wanita dari kabilah Azadiyah yang memiliki kun-yah Ummu Habibah. Imam an-Nawawi menegaskan bahwa ibu Imam Syafi‘i adalah seorang wanita yang tekun beribadah dan memiliki kecerdasan yang tinggi. Dia seorang yang faqih dalam urusan agama dan memiliki kemampuan melakukan istinbath.
Waktu dan Tempat Kelahirannya
Beliau dilahirkan pada tahun 150H. Pada tahun itu pula, Abu Hanifah wafat sehingga dikomentari oleh al-Hakim sebagai isyarat bahwa beliau adalah pengganti Abu Hanifah dalam bidang yang ditekuninya.
Tentang tempat kelahirannya, banyak riwayat yang menyebutkan beberapa tempat yang berbeda. Akan tetapi, yang termasyhur dan disepakati oleh ahli sejarah adalah kota Ghazzah (Sebuah kota yang terletak di perbatasan wilayah Syam ke arah Mesir. Tepatnya di sebelah Selatan Palestina. Jaraknya dengan kota Asqalan sekitar dua farsakh). Tempat lain yang disebut-sebut adalah kota Asqalan dan Yaman.
Ibnu Hajar memberikan penjelasan bahwa riwayat-riwayat tersebut dapat digabungkan dengan dikatakan bahwa beliau dilahirkan di sebuah tempat bernama Ghazzah di wilayah Asqalan. Ketika berumur dua tahun, beliau dibawa ibunya ke negeri Hijaz dan berbaur dengan penduduk negeri itu yang keturunan Yaman karena sang ibu berasal dari kabilah Azdiyah (dari Yaman). Lalu ketika berumur 10 tahun, beliau dibawa ke Mekkah, karena sang ibu khawatir nasabnya yang mulia lenyap dan terlupakan.
Name and nasabHe named Muhammad Abu Abdillah kun-yah. Nasab complete he is Muhammad ibn Idris ibn al-'Abbas ibn 'Uthman bin Shafi' ibn as-Saib bin 'Ubayd ibn Zayd ibn Hashim ibn Abd al-Muttalib bin' Abd Manaf ibn Qusai. Nasab he met the Prophet nasab yourself 'Abdu Manaf ibn Qusai. By doing so, he still including biological relatives still unaccounted for descendants of the Prophet's uncle away to him, namely Hashim ibn al-Muttalib.
Mr him, Idris, was from day came (An area in the region Tihamah on the way to Yemen). He is a man dispossessed. Initially he lived in Medina and then moved and settled in 'Asqalan (seaside town in the Palestinian territories) and died in a state still young there. Shafi ', the grandfather of his grandfather, his name became a source attribution -which he (Shafi) - according to some scholars was a friend of Shigar (junior) of the Prophet. As-Saib, Mr. Shafi ', itself included kibar friend (senior) who has a physical resemblance to the Prophet. He was included in the ranks of Quraysh idolaters figures in the Battle of Badr. When he captured and redeem himself and declared himself converted to Islam.
Historians and scholars nasab and hadith experts agree that Imam Shafi'i descended from pure Arabic. Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim had testified that they'll validity nasabnya and ketersambungannya with nasab Prophet, then they denied the opinions of a group of people from among Malikiyah and Hanafiyah stating that Imam Shafi'i not be nasab Qureish native descent, but only descendant wala 'only.
As for his mother, there are differences of opinion about his true identity. Some opinions say he was a descendant of al-Hasan ibn 'Ali ibn Abu Talib, while others cite a woman from the tribe Azadiyah which has kun-yah Umm Habibah. Imam an-Nawawi confirms that Imam Shafi's mother was a woman of keen worshiper and have high intelligence. He was a faqih in religious matters and has the ability to perform istinbath.
Time and Place of Birth
He was born in 150H. In the same year, Abu Hanifah died thus commented upon by al-Hakim as a sign that he is a substitute for Abu Hanifa in the field is practiced.
On the place of his birth, a lot of history that says a few different places. However, the illustrious and agreed upon by historians is Ghazzah city (a city located in the border region of Syria towards Egypt. Precisely in the south of Palestine. The distance to the city about two farsakh Asqalan). Another place that was mentioned is the city of Asqalan and Yemen.
Ibn Hajar explained that the narrations can be combined with said that he was born in a place called Ghazzah in Asqalan area. When it was two years old, he was taken by his mother to the land of Hijaz and mingle with the country's population of Yemenis because she came from the tribe of Azdiyah (from Yemen). Then when he was 10 years old, he was brought to Mecca, because the mother was worried nasabnya glorious lost and forgotten.
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